Cerebral soluble beta -amyloid aggregates (sA beta s) accumulation is one of the most important causes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. In order to mitigate the neurotoxicity induced by sA beta s and achieve enhanced AD therapeutic outcomes, robust sA beta s clearance become an emerging task. Herein, a self-destructive nanoscavenger (SDNS) is reported based on multifunctional peptide-polymer complexes that can capture extracellular sA beta s via hydrogen-bonding interactions and deliver them into microglial lysosomes. The internalized SDNS then occurs self-destruction within lysosomes and upregulates autophagy, thereby promoting the degradation of neurotoxic sA beta s. Importantly, the enhanced autophagy also significantly suppresses the secretion of inflammatory factors by microglia, which is induced by internalized sA beta s. Given that cerebral persistent inflammatory environment disturbs microglia-mediated phagocytosis and degradation, it is believed that this synergistic approach has valuable potential as a therapeutic strategy for AD.