Formation of neurotoxic beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits is generally believed to be a crucial pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current A beta-targeting medicines show limited therapeutic efficacy due to ineffective A beta removal and limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration capability. Herein, a therapeutic nanosweeper (NS) with A beta removal capability is developed. NS can be efficiently loaded into neutrophils (NE) to form NS/NE to improve its BBB crossing efficiency and preserve its A beta removal capability after being released from neutrophils. With this capability, NS can be efficiently delivered into the brain in the form of NS/NE owing to its chemotaxis to inflammatory factors released from AD brain. Moreover, NS released from NS/NE preserved its A beta removal capability, thereby significantly alleviating the pathological symptoms of A beta deposition and neuronal apoptosis in AD mice. This work demonstrated the potential of NS in the development of novel and effective AD therapies.