Reversible Shielding between Dual Ligands for Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of ZnPc-Loaded Micelles

Cao, J (Cao, Jing)^[ 1 ] ; Gao, XF (Gao, Xuefeng)^[ 1 ] ; Cheng, MB (Cheng, Mingbo)^[ 1 ] ; Niu, XY (Niu, Xiaoyan)^[ 1 ] ; Li, XM (Li, Xiaomin)^[ 1 ] ; Zhang, YP (Zhang, Yapei)^[ 1 ] ; Liu, Y (Liu, Yang)^[ 1 ] ; Wang, W (Wang, Wei)^[ 1 ] ; Yuan, Z (Yuan, Zhi)^[ 1,2 ]

NANO LETTERS, 2019, 19(3): 1665-1674

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04645

Abstract

Herein, we report a ligand-reversible-shielding strategy based on the mutual shielding of dual ligands tethered to the surface of nanoparticles. To exemplify this concept, phenylboronic acid-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PBA-PEG-PCL) and galactose-functionalized diblock polymer (Gal-PEG-PCL) were mixed to form dual-ligand micelles (PBA/Gal). PBA and Gal residues could form a complex at pH 7.4 and mutually shield their targeting function. At pH 6.8, the binding affinity between PBA and Gal weakened, and PBA preferred to bind with the sialic acid residues on the tumor cell surface rather than to Gal on the micellar surface; furthermore, the unbound Gal recovered its targeting ability toward the asialoglycoprotein receptor. When the pH decreased from 7.4 to 6.8, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays exhibited that the percentage of exposed Gal on the micellar surface increased 1.9-fold, and flow cytometry showed that HepG2 cellular uptake increased 4.3-fold. More importantly, this process was reversible, confirming the reversible shielding and deshielding of dual ligands. With the encapsulation of a photosensitizer, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), the reversible-shielding micelles showed a 48% improvement in the half-life (t(1/2)) in blood circulation, a 54% decrease in liver capture, a 40% increase in tumor accumulation, and a 10.3% improvement in the tumor inhibition rate compared to the Gal-coated irreversible micelles. This dual-ligand mutual-shielding strategy provides a new perspective on reversible tumor targeting.